Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. According to a study, among 100,000 people in Hong Kong, there are around one to two people are affected by Crohn's disease. And it is higher in men than women.

 

 

 

Symptoms and complications

 

Crohn's disease has a long latency, lasting from several months to a couple of years. The early signs of the disease include loss of appetite, abdominal pain and cramping, diarrhoea, and weight loss. Some patients may also experience anaemia, skin rash, joint problems, eye pain or redness. It can also cause blockages as well. Patients with Crohn's disease appear to have an increased rate of getting colorectal cancer.

 

 

 

Causes

 

The exact cause of Crohn's disease remains unknown. Heredity and a malfunctioning immune system likely play a role in its development.

1. Heredity. Crohn's is more common in people who have family members with the disease, so genes may play a role in making people more susceptible. However, most people with Crohn's disease don't have a family history of the disease.
2. Immune system. It's possible that a virus or bacterium may trigger Crohn's disease. It results in a chronic inflammatory disorder, in which the body's immune system attacks the gastrointestinal tract, possibly targeting microbial antigens.

 

 

Diagnosis

1. Gastroscopy: Doctor can detect gastritis and stomach ulcers through the endoscope.
2. Colonoscopy: Doctor can detect colitis and sores in the colon through colonoscopy.
3. CT enteroclysis: Doctor can detect ulcers or intestinal narrowing caused by prolonged inflammation.

 

 

Treatment

 

There are no known cure for Crohn's disease. Patients should take medications over a long period of time to control the disease. It includes using a bowel-specific anti-inflammatory class of drugs, 5-ASA, steroids or Azathioprine that can suppress the body’s immune system. Both steroids and Azathioprine are likely to have side effects. And some patients may experience recurring symptoms. The medications and doses, therefore, may also change over time.

 

 

 

*The above information is for reference only, please consult your doctor for detail.