Oesophageal varices are extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the oesophagus. They are most often a consequence of portal hypertension, which is a major complication of liver cirrhosis.

 

 

 

Symptoms

 

Oesophageal varices usually don't have signs and symptoms unless they bleed. Patients with bleeding oesophageal varices may vomit large amounts of blood, and have black or bloody stools. Loss of consciousness might occur in severe cases.

 

 

 

Causes

 

Oesophageal varices develop when normal blood flow to the liver is blocked by a clot or scar tissue in the liver.  Liver cirrhosis, described as severe scarring of liver often caused by chronic liver diseases including hepatitis infection, alcoholic liver disease, and fatty liver disease, is considered as the most common source of oesophageal varices. Other causes include blood clot (thrombosis), parasitic infection, etc.

 

 

 

Diagnosis

 

Oesophageal varices are typically diagnosed through an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. It is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract down to the duodenum. Doctor may remove a small tissue (biopsy) if any abnormalities are found and send it to a pathology lab for testing.

Imaging tests such as abdominal CT scans and abdominal ultrasound scan  can suggest the presence of oesophageal varices.

 

 

 

Treatment

 

Beta blocker drugs are effective in preventing bleeding in many people who have oesophageal varices.

 

Endoscopic banding for oesophageal varices may be used in severe cases. But most importantly, doctor should identify the underlying cause of the disease that leads to better treatment.

 

 

 

Prevention

 

Keeping your liver healthy is very important. Patients are advised to avoid drinking alcohol immediately if he/she has liver diseases. For healthy people, experts recommend a balanced diet for maintaining a healthy weight, but avoid high fat food. Regular health check-up can help find liver problems before they start. Besides, doing exercises can help mental and physical stress.

 

 

 

*The above information is for reference only, please consult your doctor for detail.